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Below are some definitions you may need when filling
out a printing services order form or developing your printing
specifications. Always feel free to call Printing Services customer
service at 910-962-3289 if you are unsure how to describe the
elements of your job.
accordion fold: The paper
is folded two or more times in a parallel direction. Each fold
reverses the direction, similar to the bellows of an accordion.
Also called a "Z" fold. Often used for items printed on one
side only. Do not use an accordion fold when the item is to be
inserted into an envelope by machine.
acid free paper: A paper having
no acidity and no residual acid-producing chemicals. Best for archival
purposes.
backing up: Printing the opposite
side of a sheet, after the first side has already been printed.
bleed: When the printed image
extends beyond the trim edge of a sheet of paper.
carbonless paper: Papers that
have been treated with chemicals and carbon derivatives that are
activated by pressure. Writing or typing on the top sheet of a set
of carbonless sheets results in a transfer of the image to the sheets
below.
chipboard: A single-ply cardboard,
usually gray or brown. Used as the bottom sheet in a pad of paper.
CMYK: Colors used in printing
to reproduce color photos. The colors are cyan, magenta, yellow,
and black (or key color).
coated paper: A paper broadly
used for all types of printing, including multicolor work. Coated
papers provide improved affinity for printing inks. Coated paper
may have a glossy or dull finish.
coil binding: A binding method
using a continuous spiral coil of plastic. Coil binding allows the
publication to lay flat when open.
collating: Gathering or arranging
printed sheets or signatures into a desired sequence.
color separation: The division
of an image into its component colors for printing.
continuous tone: A photograph,
rendering, or other similar image that is made of blended gray tones
or values that flow into each other gradually and without hard edges.
cotton fiber paper: Sometimes
called "rag" paper and made wholly or in part of cotton fibers.
The cotton content is usually 24, 50 or 100 percent. UNCW white
letterhead is printed on 25% cotton paper and student theses are
printed on 100% cotton paper.
cover: A heavy paper used for
business cars, postcard and for the covers of brochures, booklets,
etc. The most common weights are 65 and 80 lb.
deckle: A finish given to the
edge of a sheet of paper, irregular in outline and with decreased
thickness. The edge appears torn. Used for invitations and announcement.
Available in cover and text weights.
drill: Drilling holes to accommodate
a loose leaf binder. It doesn't have to be three holes; we will
do one to as many as you need.
Duotone: A printing technique
in which a halftone is printed in two ink colors to provide richer
tones.
duplex paper: Two sheets of
text paper or cover stock that have been pasted together. Usually
has a different texture or color on each side.
enamel paper: A high-gloss
coated paper also called "gloss coated paper".
gutter: The blank space, or
inner margin, from printed area to binding.
halftone: A pattern of dots
of different sizes used to simulate a continuous tone photograph.
hard copy: Printed copy of
the contents of a computer file.
imposition: The arrangement
by which a number of pages are printed together in such a way they
will be in their correct order when folded or cut.
index: A paper similar in weight
to cover but smoother and stiffer. Most frequently used for index
cards, post cards, and posters.
inside: Refers to the pages
between the cover of a publication. When counting the pages be sure
to include the pages that are not numbered or are blank. Count each
side of the sheet as one page.
knockout: An area of a printed
piece in which the first color ink does not print and a second ink
then prints into the same area.
letterfold: The paper is folded
twice, in the same direction, into 3 panels with 1 outside panel
tucked under the other outside panel. Frequently used for brochures.
line art: Black and white illustration,
with no continuous tones (or greys).
offset: (1)A printing process
also known as lithography. Ink is applied to plates made from metal,
plastic or paper. The ink in transferred to a blanket and then offset
to paper. (2) set-off, where wet ink is transferred to the back
of the sheet above in a stock of just printed sheets.
opacity: The nontransparent
property of paper that prevents or reduces light transmission and
show-through of printing.
overprinting: Printing over
areas already printed.
over-run: Quantity printed
in excess of the specified quantity.
perfect binding: A binding
method used to put together a large number of pages into a book
form usually with a wraparound cover. The UNCW telephone directory
is an example of perfect binding.
perforate: Small holes put
in the paper to make one area easy to tear from another.
PMS: Abbreviation for the "Pantone
Matching System". A system of color standardization generally accepted
throughout the printing and graphic arts industries.
pictures: Halftone - One color
reproduction. Duotones - Two colors combined to reproduce prictures
with greater depth. Four-Color - color pictures.
plastic comb: A binding that
allows the publication to lay flat when open. Often called GBC binding.
process colors: The four colors
(cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) that are combined to print color
photographs and a wide range of colors. See CYMK.
proof: A sample of how a finished
piece is intended to look and used to check for errors.
ream: Usually 500 sheets of
paper regardless of size, weight, or grade. Cover and index are
usually packaged 250 sheets to the ream.
reverse: Type or graphics appearing
in white (or the color of the paper) on a color background or in
a dark area of a photograph.
saddlestich: Multiple page
book held together with two staples in the spine. We can staple
up to 96 pages (24 signatures).
scoring: Making an indentation,
generally in the heavier weights of paper, to facilitate a cleaner
and easier fold.
screen: Lightening the ink
in an area through a dot pattern for design effect or emphasis.
self-cover: When the inside
stock of a booklet is the same as the cover.
set-off: Wet ink transferred
to the back of the sheet above in stock of just-printed sheets.
sheet: Usually represent two
pages, one each side of a sheet of paper.
show-through: When the printing
on one side of a sheet of paper can be seen when looking at the
opposite side. (See opacity)
shrink wrap: A tight fitting
plastic warp used to protect a publication during handling and storage.
signature: A folded, printed
sheet of paper forming a section of a printed book or booklet. The
number of pages in a signature is a multiple of four, eight or sixteen.
Presses at UNCW's print shop print signatures in multiples of four
and eight.
spot color: Printing using
black and one or two additional colors of ink.
text paper: A fine quality
paper, frequently with a texture. Used for announcements, brochures,
booklets, and similar items. Most texts are 70 or 80 lb.
varnish: A clear coating put
on by the press to prevent marking or to add shine. Varnishing counts
as another color when estimating the cost of a job.
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